Table of Contents
- The First Launch: Thor IRBM
- Discoverer 1: The World’s First Polar Satellite
- Atlas: America’s First ICBM Test
- Titan I: The Silo-Lift Revolution
- Minuteman III: The Longest Test Flight
- Manned Orbiting Laboratory: The Secret Space Station
- X-37B: The Mysterious Spaceplane
The First Launch: Thor IRBM
In December 1958, Vandenberg launched its very first missile—a Thor Intermediate Range Ballistic Missile. This historic event marked the beginning of Vandenberg’s legacy as a premier space and missile test facility. The launch proved that the base could safely handle powerful rockets, setting the stage for decades of groundbreaking missions.
“Vandenberg’s first launch was not just a test—it was the start of a new era in American space exploration.”
Discoverer 1: The World’s First Polar Satellite
On February 28, 1959, Vandenberg made history again by launching Discoverer 1, the world’s first satellite to enter polar orbit. This mission was a cover for America’s first photo reconnaissance program, and it demonstrated the unique advantage of Vandenberg’s location: the ability to launch satellites into polar orbit without flying over populated areas.
- First polar orbiting satellite
- Launched from Space Launch Complex-1 West
- Revolutionized satellite reconnaissance
Atlas: America’s First ICBM Test
On September 9, 1959, Vandenberg launched its first Atlas missile, America’s first Intercontinental Ballistic Missile (ICBM). This test was a critical step in the Cold War arms race, proving that the U.S. could deliver nuclear warheads across continents. The Atlas launch solidified Vandenberg’s role as a key player in national defense.
Titan I: The Silo-Lift Revolution
The Titan I ICBM launch complex at Vandenberg was a game-changer. In September 1961, the first “silo-lift” launch of the Titan I was successful, marking a new era in missile technology. The Strategic Air Command’s 395th Strategic Missile Squadron conducted 19 test launches between 1963 and 1965, pushing the boundaries of what was possible.
- First silo-lift launch in September 1961
- 19 test launches by the 395th SMS
- Paved the way for Titan II testing
Minuteman III: The Longest Test Flight
In September 1980, Vandenberg conducted Glory Trip 77GM, a Minuteman III Operational Test. This mission became the longest Minuteman flight test, with its payload impacting a target over 5,600 nautical miles downrange. The success of this test demonstrated the reliability and range of America’s most advanced ICBM.
Manned Orbiting Laboratory: The Secret Space Station
The Manned Orbiting Laboratory (MOL) was one of Vandenberg’s most ambitious projects. Construction began in March 1966 at Space Launch Complex-6. The MOL vehicle consisted of a Titan III booster carrying a modified Gemini space capsule attached to a space laboratory. Although the program was eventually canceled, it showcased Vandenberg’s capability to support complex human spaceflight missions.
X-37B: The Mysterious Spaceplane
The X-37B, an unmanned spaceplane, has successfully landed at Vandenberg multiple times, including after 468 and 674 days in orbit. All X-37B missions have been launched from Florida, but Vandenberg’s 15,000-foot runway has been crucial for its safe return. The X-37B’s missions remain shrouded in secrecy, adding to its mystique.
These missions and launches are just a few examples of the incredible history that has unfolded at Vandenberg Space Force Base. Each one has contributed to the advancement of space exploration and national defense, making Vandenberg a cornerstone of American aerospace achievement.